Over the decade from 1998, the top 10 per cent of workers in the UK saw their share of total annual wages rise from 27 per cent to 30 per cent. The majority of this went to the top 1 per cent and can be mainly accounted for by bonuses to financial sector workers. By 2008, the increased share that bankers were taking amounted to an extra £12 billion per year in wages alone.


• The size of these bonuses and their structure may have been a contributing factor to the financial crisis. Bankers paid large cash bonuses on the basis of short-term returns often unadjusted for risk have incentives to take on excessive risk.
  
  
• All the parties have attacked bankers' bonuses - the Liberal Democrats have said that they would ban all bonuses to board members and force all bonuses above £2,500 to be paid in shares.
  
  
• It is unclear why shifting away from cash toward equity-based compensation would alter any perverse risk incentives since unlike a CEO (chief executive officer), an individual banker typically has only a small effect on the share price.
  
  
• Another proposal is to 'claw back' bonuses if performance is sub-standard in the future. Unlike simply deferring bonuses, this in principle could improve incentives.
  
  
• The government has increased the marginal tax rate to 50 per cent for those earning over £150,000 and introduced a one-off 50 per cent tax on bankers' bonuses over £25,000 for the 2009/10 pay period. The Conservatives do not pledge to reverse the first policy and the second will theoretically have been completed by the time of the election.
  
  
• There is very little evidence whether such tax rises will cause a significant number of firms and workers to leave Britain. In any case, highly paid workers are likely to change their behaviour to minimise the impact of the tax rises and so reduce the expected revenue gains to the Exchequer.

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